Australia

In Australia, each state and territory has its own civil tribunal (VCAT, NCAT, QCAT, SACAT, ACAT, NTCAT and the Magistrates Court in WA/TAS) that hears everyday consumer, tenancy and small-business disputes. Fees are low and most matters are decided without lawyers. Money-claim limits typically range from A$10,000 to A$100,000 depending on the tribunal and matter type.

Before filing, send a written letter of demand with a firm deadline. Consumer disputes with businesses can be lodged free through the state fair-trading office (e.g. NSW Fair Trading, Consumer Affairs Victoria). Legal Aid and community legal centres offer free advice.